Minnesota Statute 604A.05 (Good Samaritan law) protects you from drug possession charges when you seek help during an overdose. Learn more
1 · Do this first
How to respond to an overdose
Call 911 immediately. Say the person is unresponsive and describe any substances if you know them. Stay on the line.
Check responsiveness and breathing. Shout their name, shake shoulders hard. Watch the chest: slow, shallow, stopped, gurgling, or snoring while unconscious all count as red flags.
Give naloxone (Narcan). Nasal spray: peel the package, place the tip in one nostril, press the plunger firmly (4 mg, one full spray). No improvement in 2–3 minutes? Give a second dose in the other nostril.
Rescue breathing / CPR if they are not breathing and you know how.
Roll them into recovery position and stay with them until medics arrive. Naloxone wears off in 30–90 minutes, so they can slip back into overdose after it fades.
2 · Keeps the airway open
Recovery position
Anyone unconscious but breathing goes here. It keeps the airway open if they vomit.
Lay the person on their side
Bend the top knee to keep them stable
Tilt the head back slightly to open the airway
Make sure the mouth is clear
Stay with them and keep watching their breathing
3 · Recognize
How to spot an overdose
Opioids (fentanyl, heroin, oxycodone)
Pinpoint pupils
Slow or no breathing (fewer than 8 breaths a minute)
Blue lips or nails
Gurgling or snoring sounds while unconscious
Unresponsive or very hard to wake
Limp body, clammy or pale skin
Stimulants (MDMA, meth, cocaine)
Overheating, agitation, confusion, hallucinations
Fast heartbeat, high blood pressure, chest pain
Seizures or collapse
Alcohol poisoning
Vomiting while unconscious
Cold, pale, or bluish skin
Slow or irregular breathing
Seizure or unresponsiveness
Other drugs and polydrug use
Benzodiazepines: heavy sleepiness, slurred speech, unresponsiveness
Combinations are unpredictable. Treat any emergency as serious and call 911.
4 · Carry it
Naloxone (Narcan): carry it, use it
Carry at least 2 doses per person. It's free at syringe service programs and naloxone access points across Minnesota, and sold over the counter at pharmacies — no prescription needed.
Store at room temperature, away from sun and extreme cold.
Check expiration dates regularly.
Nasal spray: peel, place tip in a nostril, press firmly. Call 911. Repeat in 2–3 minutes if needed.
Teach your buddies the recovery position and to keep watching the person until help arrives.
Our harm reduction booths carry free Narcan plus instructions, test strips, and water. Find a booth
5 · Cool down
Heat and hydration emergencies
Sip water steadily. Small amounts often beat chugging.
Use electrolytes if sweating heavily.
Move to shade or air conditioning.
Cool with wet towels or ice packs on the neck, wrists, and armpits.
Confusion, dizziness, or collapse from heat: call 911. If someone is confused or unconscious from heat, do not give them fluids (choking risk). Cool them and wait for medics.
6 · Breathe through it
Panic and anxiety
Racing heart, shaking, sweating, shortness of breath: this can be panic, and panic passes.
Grounding, 5-4-3-2-1: name 5 things you see, 4 you can touch, 3 you hear, 2 you smell, 1 you taste.
Breathing: inhale 4 seconds, hold 4, exhale 6. Repeat.
Move somewhere calm and quieter.
Reassure them: "You are safe. This will pass."
Minnesota Warmline: 651-288-0400, or text "Support" to 85511.
7 · Protect the head
Seizures
Clear the area and cushion their head.
Turn them on their side if you can.
Do NOT put anything in their mouth.
Call 911 if the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, if another follows, or if they do not wake up after.
8 · Rare but urgent
Serotonin syndrome
High fever, confusion, muscle rigidity, sweating, fast heartbeat.
Often triggered by MDMA combined with antidepressants or several serotonergic drugs at once.
Cool them down and call 911 immediately. This is a medical emergency.
9 · At the venue
Crowd and venue safety
Use the buddy system and set a meetup point before the show.
Stay at the edges of dense crowds. Do not push forward.
If someone falls, make space around them and alert staff.
Know where the exits and first aid stations are when you arrive.
Keep your phone charged or bring a power bank.
10 · Everything else
Other emergencies
Choking
Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich) if they are awake. If they pass out, call 911 and start CPR.
Allergic reaction
Swelling, hives, trouble breathing: use an EpiPen if available and call 911.
11 · Before you go out
Be prepared
What to carry
Naloxone (free at syringe service programs; OTC at pharmacies; carry 2 doses)
Minnesota Statute 604A.05 protects you from drug possession charges when you seek help during an overdose. Do not let fear of getting in trouble stop you from calling. Full details
Take it with you
A one page pocket card with the essential steps. Prints clean in black and white.