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Overdose: Recognize & Respond

This is the page to read before you ever need it. Overdoses are survivable when someone nearby knows what to do. That someone can be you.

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Happening right now? Let me walk you through it

Start here

Tap through: 30 seconds, plain language, no judgment. Stay with them while you do this.

The short version

1 Β· Recognize

The 4 signs: tap what you see

You don't need a medical degree. Tap each sign you're seeing. If two or more light up red, treat it as an overdose and call 911.

0 of 4 checked

That's enough: call 911 now.

You don't need all four. Two signs is enough to act.

Call 911
2 Β· Respond

What to do, step by step

Tap each step to open it. Hit Done when you've done it and the next one opens.

0 of 5 done

Say "someone is unresponsive and not breathing normally" and give the address. You don't have to say what they took: describe symptoms. Stay on the line; dispatch will coach you.

Call 911 now

Tilt head back, lift chin, pinch nose, breathe into mouth: one breath every 5 seconds. If you know CPR, do chest compressions hard and fast in the center of the chest. Don't know how? Dispatch talks you through it. Any breathing help beats none.

Nasal spray: peel the package, place tip in one nostril, press the plunger firmly. Injection (IM): pop the vial cap, draw up the full 1 mL, inject straight into the outer thigh at 90Β°. Through clothing is fine. No improvement in 2–3 minutes? Give a second dose. It wears off in 30–90 minutes, they can overdose again after it fades.

Roll them onto their side, top knee bent to keep them stable, head tilted slightly back. Keeps the airway open if they vomit.

Talk to them even if they're out, hearing is the last sense to go. You did the right thing by staying.

Give naloxone: pick your type

Nasal spray and the injection do the same job. Use whichever you have.

πŸ“¦

1. Peel

Open the package and take out the nasal spray device.

Breathing pacer: one breath every 5 seconds

Ready
Watch the circle: breathe in when it grows. Stop anytime.

Free naloxone (nasal spray and injectable kits) plus test strips are available all over Minnesota: see our resources page. The spray is sold over the counter now, no prescription needed. Carry it.

What NOT to do

Myths that waste time or hurt people:

βœ• Cold water / ice baths

Doesn't reverse overdose. Causes shock, wastes time.

βœ• "Walk them off" / slapping awake

They can't walk it off. Shaking doesn't fix breathing.

βœ• Leave them to "sleep it off"

People die this way. Alone is the most dangerous place to overdose.

βœ• Make them vomit

Choking risk, zero benefit.

βœ• Give more drugs to "balance out"

Uppers don't cancel downers. This kills people.

βœ• Wait to be sure

Narcan can't hurt someone who's not overdosing. When in doubt, act.

3 Β· Know the difference

Opioid or stimulant? They look opposite

  • Can't wake up, slow or stopped breathing, blue lips, limp, tiny pupils
  • Give naloxone: it reverses opioids
  • Rescue breathing + 911 + stay
  • Overheating, extreme agitation or paranoia, racing heart, chest pain, seizures, the opposite picture
  • Cool them down: shade, cool water on neck and wrists, fan them. Overheating is the main killer.
  • Calm the environment: dim lights, fewer people, quiet voice
  • Call 911 for chest pain, seizures, extreme overheating, or unresponsiveness. Same Good Samaritan protections.
  • Naloxone won't help a pure stimulant emergency, but it won't hurt. When in doubt about what was taken, the 911 call is still the move.

Unsure? Our Symptom Detective walks you through telling them apart.

4 \u00b7 New in the supply

Orphines: a new opioid family showing up in the drug supply

There is a newer family of synthetic opioids turning up in the U.S. drug supply called orphines. The one showing up most is cychlorphine. It is not fentanyl \u2014 different chemical family \u2014 but it acts like an opioid, meaning it can slow or stop breathing. Here is what researchers and health officials reported in October 2026, and what it changes for you.

Naloxone is still the first response. Naloxone can reverse a cychlorphine overdose \u2014 but one dose may not be enough. If breathing does not return to normal, give another dose, keep doing rescue breaths, and keep 911 on the line. Carry more than one dose.

Sources: JAMA Psychiatry, October 7, 2026 (VCU School of Medicine analysis of 14,261 biospecimens via the NPS Discovery early-warning program); White House Office of National Drug Control Policy drug threat notice (April 2026); Louisiana Department of Health alert (October 5, 2026).

Harm reduction reference based on established harm reduction resources and clinical literature. Guidance here does not replace emergency care \u2014 when in doubt, call 911.

Minnesota's Good Samaritan law: are you protected?

Tap through: most people are more protected than they think (MN Statute 604A.05, sometimes called Steve's Law).

1. If I call 911 in good faith during an overdose, can I get limited immunity from certain drug possession charges?

Yes: for both the caller and the person overdosing, when you give your name, stay until help arrives, and cooperate. You don't have to be the first caller.

2. Does it also protect the person who overdosed?

Yes: the same limited immunity covers them. The incident also can't be used to revoke probation or parole.

3. Does it protect dealing, warrants, or other crimes?

No: dealing isn't protected, and it doesn't stop police acting on warrants or other crimes. Since Aug 2023, though, MN doesn't criminalize paraphernalia possession at all, even with residue.

We're harm reduction volunteers, not lawyers, but the practical advice never changes: always call.

Someone might be overdosing right now?

Stop reading. Call now, you can come back to this page later.

Keep going